![]() Mitral valve regurgitation in the contemporary era: Insights into diagnosis, management, and future directions. Recent advances in understanding and managing mitral valve disease. Secondary mitral regurgitation: Pathophysiology, proportionality and prognosis. Surgical procedures for severe chronic mitral regurgitation. Management of chronic primary mitral regurgitation. Management and prognosis of chronic secondary mitral regurgitation. What is atrial fibrillation? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Pathophysiology and natural history of chronic mitral regurgitation. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Untreated, the heart muscle becomes weak. The extra effort causes the left lower heart chamber (ventricle) to get bigger. In severe mitral valve regurgitation, the heart has to work harder to pump enough blood to the body. As pressure rises, fluid builds up in the lungs. Long-term untreated or improperly treated mitral regurgitation can increase pressure in the blood vessels in the lungs. High blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).Atrial fibrillation has been linked to an increased risk of blood clots and stroke. Increased size of the upper left heart chamber (atrium) caused by mitral valve regurgitation may trigger this common heart rhythm disorder. Irregular and often rapid heart rate (atrial fibrillation).Potential complications of severe mitral valve regurgitation include: The strain on the heart can cause the left lower chamber to widen. Mild mitral valve regurgitation usually does not cause any problems.Īs mitral valve regurgitation gets worse, the heart must work harder to pump blood to the body. Mitral valve regurgitation complications often depend on the severity of disease. History of other heart valve diseases, including mitral valve prolapse and mitral valve stenosis.Heart problems present at birth (congenital heart defect).Certain infections that affect the heart.Several things can increase the risk of mitral valve regurgitation, including: Rarely, radiation therapy for cancer that is focused on the chest area can lead to mitral valve regurgitation. The mitral valve may be damaged by an infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis) that can involve heart valves. A chest injury also can cause rupture of the cords. A tear can cause blood leakage through the mitral valve suddenly and may require mitral valve repair surgery. Over time, the pieces of tissue that hold the flaps of the mitral valve to the heart wall may stretch or tear, especially in people with mitral valve prolapse. Types of cardiomyopathy linked to mitral valve regurgitation include dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The condition can affect mitral valve function and may lead to regurgitation. Cardiomyopathy makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. Thickening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy).Some people are born with heart structure problems, including damaged heart valves. Heart problem present at birth (congenital heart defect).A leaky mitral valve caused by a heart attack is called ischemic mitral regurgitation. If heart attack damage is very extensive, the event can cause sudden and severe mitral valve regurgitation. A heart attack can damage the area of the heart muscle that supports the mitral valve. Rheumatic fever is rare in the United States. If rheumatic fever causes mitral valve disease, the condition is called rheumatic mitral valve disease. Rheumatic fever can damage the mitral valve, leading to mitral valve regurgitation early or later in life. Rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated strep throat. ![]() This common heart problem can prevent the mitral valve from closing tightly and cause blood to flow backward. ![]() In this condition, the mitral valve's flaps bulge back into the left upper heart chamber (atrium) when the heart squeezes (contracts). Possible causes of mitral valve regurgitation include: If a problem or disease affecting other areas of the heart cause a leaky mitral valve, the condition is called functional or secondary mitral regurgitation. If mitral valve regurgitation is due to problems with the mitral valve, the condition is called primary mitral valve regurgitation. Mitral valve prolapse can cause blood to leak backward, a condition called mitral valve regurgitation. In mitral valve prolapse, the valve flaps bulge into the upper left chamber during each heartbeat. The mitral valve separates the two chambers of the left side of the heart. ![]()
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